Comparisons of bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements on prepared particulate surfaces and radiative-transfer models.

Reciprocity of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) in measurements and models of structured surfaces

Bidirectional reflectance of Earth targets: Evaluation of analytical models using a large set of spaceborne measurements with emphasis on the Hot Spot

Multidirectional observation from the spaceborne POLDER (Polarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectance) instrument makes it possible to measure the bidirectional reflectance of a large variety of Earth targets. A careful selection of cloud-free measurements with a large directional coverage lead to about 22,000 sets of measured Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs)...

Experimental Determination of the Hapke Shadowing Function Parameter for Planetary Regolith Surface Analogs

Introduction: The physics of the process that controls the interaction of light with planetary regolith surfaces is complex and only partially understood. In the past years, a number of semi-empirical models have been developed for analyzing the bidirectional reflectance data of particulate surfaces based on the scattering and absorption properties of minerals and rocks (e.g. [1], [2], [3], [4]...

Bidirectional reflectance measurements of sediments in the vicinity of Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas

In situ measurements of bidirectional reflectance factors (REFFs) are presented for submerged carbonate sediments at six sites in the vicinity of Lee Stocking Island. Sediment grain sizes ranged from 400 mm to .1000 mm. Several features were common to all data sets. Although overall sediment reflectance varied spectrally, normalized REFF was independent of wavelength within the natural sample v...

Airborne Measurements of Surface Anisotropy

Surface spectral bidirectional reflectance is a major parameter of interest to the biospheric sciences, remote sensing, and global change communities. For example, the pronounced reflectance peak at the back scattering range of vegetated surfaces, known as the “hot spot” or “opposition surge” (cf. Hapke 1993), is found to be closely related to the state of several biophysical and physical param...